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New Urbanism and Sustainable Growth: The Making of a Design Paradigm and Public Policy Author: Ajay Garde Dissertation School: University of Southern California Pages: 428 Publication Date: August 2002 Availability: Access Number: 10759 Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine innovations in urban design and its implications for public policy. The focus of the research is on the supply side story or urban development scenario to examine how reformist ideas such as New Urbanism are formed. Why are they promoted by designers, and sponsored by developers? And what are their implications for public policy? The study is divided into two parts. In the first part, I have compared development of New Urbanist movement with that of Garden City movement and the spread and acceptance of Neighborhood Unit concept to show that innovations in urban design are conceived as paradigms. These paradigms are derived from contemporary social values and dominant intellectual thoughts in response to problems of urban and suburban development of that period. These paradigms often have enduring popular appeal that leads to institutional and regulatory reform. In the second part, using survey research method, I have investigated the design, development, and approval process of 202 New Urbanist projects in the United States, to examine its implications for public policy. My research reveals that New Urbanist ideas are being promoted by designers, sponsored by developers, and endorsed by planners involved with the approval process of these projects, as a tool for achieving sustainable growth. However, the study shows that there are significant barriers and only limited opportunities for implementing New Urbanist ideas, although this is beginning to change. There is an expectation that new zoning ordinances and land use regulations will be more supportive of New Urbanist type higher-density, mixed-use, and mixed-income developments. However, it will take time before such policies are extensively enacted and implemented. Simultaneously, this research indicated that a variety of concerns about sustainable growth, and a small but significant demand for alternative residential environments, are beginning to influence public policy in regions that are experiencing and anticipating substantial growth. The study concludes with critical comments on the making of design paradigms, and with recommendations for public policy. |
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